Interactions of the sun, atmosphere and the water to the ocean

How so the interactions between the sun,atmosphere, and water create environmental conditions in the ocean?

  Interactions of the sun, atmosphere , and the water create environmental conditions in the water. The atmosphere consists of a stratosphere, thermosphere, trosphere and the mesosphere.The thermosphere is the top layer of the atmosphere, the metosphere and the stratosphere are the middle layers and the troposhere is the lowest layer and it extends from the bottom of the earth. Inside the layers there are many diffent gasses they is oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon, and other gasses that hold our planet together. The sun effects the oceans because. The suns rays reflect off of the ocean and the thermosphere. The thermosphere consumes 50% of the suns rays, while the rest is left in the atmosphere. The ocean also consumes the sun rays heating the water. The cycle is a circulation in the from the atmosphere to the clouds and the ocean. The heat that enters the ocean is brought through the by the Gulf Stream, this brings warm water to diffrent parts of the ocean. Pressure is then put on the salt and fresh water creating mixture and currents and waves these are called mouths where salt and fresh water mix. The ocean convayere belt is when salt is carried to parts of the ocean to places that are missing the salt that need it. The polar eastelies winds push downward in the ocean well the polor front winds push back at the eastelies winds. The other winds are called westline winds and they are found between 30 degrees and 60 degrees lattitude toward the poles. When the winds collide its called a gyre. Every ocean has a grye but they are diffrent because the winds directions are diffrent. Many of the currents in the oceans are created by the grye effect. Geostophic currents also create the ocean currents becasue of the earths rotation. Overall the ocean is effected by the sun the atmosphere and the water itself. The oceans are most effected by the earths roatation more than anything else the movement creates winds cretaing the currents and everything else. The suns rays and the atmosphere all work together to make our oceans the way they are.

A Beach By Another Name

  Physical and Geological characteristics are used to classify earths dynamic coastlines, using coastal classification by graphing and finding estuaries. The differences of the characteristics defer and can create changes on the ocean floor. Coastlines are different everywhere in the world, in every ocean, bay, delta and rivers.
   Coastal classifications are put into groups, primary and secondary coasts. The Shepard Coastal classification system was created to find the differences between coastlines in the ocean. Primary coasts are split into five different coasts types, Land erosion, Subaerial-deposition, Volcanic, Diastrophic, and Ice coasts. Florida for example has primary beaches caused by Subarial-Deposition and land erosion. Secondary coasts are put into three different parts Wave erosion, Marine-deposition and coasts built by organisms. Chesapeake bay is a secondary coast because there are marshlands and grasslands this means its a coast built by organisms. Coastal classifications are very important, they tell us what to look for and what the ocean floor is made of.
   Graphing estuary salinity profiles helped to show the differences between estuaries. Graph A explained the depth and salinity, the graph went across than up than across ending on points (10, 30.5). Graph B showed  a strait line ending on points (10,20). Graph C showed an staircase looking line which ending points are (10,30.5). Graph A was a coastal plain, Graph B was a Fjord and Graph C was a Tectonic Coast. graphing the estuaries helped explain how the estuaries effect the different places and sections in the ocean.
   Estuaries are considered as nurseries in the ocean, they protect organisms from currents and waves. Fish will go to the estuaries to lay eggs to keep them protected from predictors. there are four types of estuaries Coastal Plain, Fjords, Bar built and tectonic estuaries. San Francisco Bay is a coastal plain because its a small river into a big body of water. The Indian river is a tectonic because there are barriers holding in the water. Puget Sound is  a fjord because its a river. Biscayne Bay is a bar built because its man made land around the the ocean. Estuaries are very important to our oceans because they help to bring in life to the ocean, they keep fish protected and its a great place to go fishing.
   This activity helped me to understand the greatness of the ocean and how important estuaries are to the ocean and the sea creatures. I learned how different coastlines effect the ocean and all around the United States coasts. Coastlines are very different and help keep the ocean moving. If coastlines where all the same the ocean would not move as smoothly because all the different coastlines have effects on the ocean and without them the ocean would not be as it is today.

Current events ( Isabel Could Cause Beach Erosion)

http://www.wtoc.com/story/1445350/isabel-could-cause-beach-erosion

Isabel Could Cause Beach Erosion

Hurricane Isabel may hit north of the island instead if south. The hurricane may not hit but we will still be affected. There will be big waves and high winds and beach erosion may happen. The chance of beach erosion is high. 

Where Does Sand Come From

How does sand come from?
Sand comes from rocks, when they break down. In some places the sand can come from pieces of the road that have been broken off and turned to small particles. But in most places sand comes from crust from the ocean floor and shells that have been broken to create small little pieces like a grain of sand. Hawaii's beautiful white sand is made from Parrot fish poop, how interesting and gross. 

How are beaches formed?
Beaches are formed by ocean crust coming up form the water, and rock breakdown.
Rocks after millions of years will break down and turn into small particles called sand. 

What can you learn about an area by looking at sand?
If you look at sand around the world you can notice that it can be different colors. In warm areas like a dessert the sand is sorta orange because there is not minerals its just really dry. Where we live all the sand is just like a cream color because it comes from the sea and that is ocean crust, wind and water erosion created the desert sand.

Hawaii

Ocean City, MD

Hawaii

Cranes Beach (Ipswich) 

Theroy of Seafloor Spreading

The theory of seas floor spreading was found when new ocean technology was invented to help scan the seasfloor. The technology helped to find the mid-ocean ridge, Rift Valley and trenches. Evidence that supports seasfloor spreading is the ocean bottom sediment, and seeig the rift valleys. Seafloor spreading is processed in the mid-ocean ridges, and it creates new crust on the Seafloor, it is caused by volcanic activity under water. The magma comes up through the Rift Valley and it hardens as it flows down the ridge.

Dynamic Earth

• What forces do scientists think cause tectonic plates to move?

The continental drift, the divergent , convergent and transform boundaries. They believe that continents where once together. And they believe that the cause if tectonic plates is when an earthquake occurs when two plates past each other and create an earthquake shaking the plates and making them move. 

• According to the theory of plate tectonics, what changes will occur to the oceans and the continents over the next millions of years?

The continents will move even more. The Atlantic ocean and Indian ocean will expand as the Pacific shrinks. Southern California will pass San-Francisco as it moves to the northeast and a new ocean will form in the east Africa rift valley. And the Mediterranean sea will close as Africa moves Northward.   

History and Culture of Coastal Areas

How have the history and culture of coastal areas been affected by there geology?

Our seven continents where once believed to be just one big continent called Pagaea. The continents moved over time this is called the dance of the continents. Seafloor spreading theory consist of the movement of the Seafloor over the years. Under the sea beneath the seafloor is magma and as time passes the magma comes through rift valleys in the floor (deep valleys that run through the mid-Atlantic ridge, the ridge runs right down the Atlantic in the deep ocean). The continents , also considered tectonic plates, are very important to the movement of the continents. There are three different types of plates movement, the movement of the continents moving past each other causing earthquakes, another is when one goes under another, and the last crash into each other. The history of the coastal area is the fossils founded in some of the the continents and not in others. Some cultures will have volcano, earthquakes, or flooding it depends on where you live, For example If you live in Hawaii you will have volcano and earthquakes because you are on an island and the ocean floor is moving, if you live in the middle of a continent you will not get flooding, because you don't live on the coast , most people that live on the coast get a lot of flooding and earthquakes because they are closer to the sea floor movement. Difffrent rocks are also found on the seven continenets Metamorphic, Sedimentary and Ingneous rocks.Ingneous rocks are created by lava when it cools and hardens. Sedimentary is when particles by water flow this is where fossils are found, and Metamorphic is layers built, and the rock forms when pressure and heat become great enough to change.

Return to the Antikythera shipwreck

The Antikthera was a treasure ship which carried bronze and marble full, size statues, and gold jewelry, and coins. They also found a mechanism ancient analog computer. The first trip was in 1900 and they did not discover much because they scuba clothing they had was heavy and not made for that kind of diving. One person died and two were hurt badly on the trip. Then in 1976 another trip was made by Jacques Cousteu. He created new equipment to to help with keeping the divers alive and able to stay at the bottom for a longer time than before. The ship was 135-185 ft. When the explores from 1900 they only were able to discover a little bit of the ship only about 20% was discovered. The next exploration started in September to October. It was led by Theotokis Theodoviou and Aggiliki Simossi. The spot of the ships discovery  is among the most famous of all marine sites. New technology has been created to help make discovering and diving easier. Roberts are one of the new inventions, they create 3D visual maps, and easier ways to read what is under the water. Safer scuba outfits where also created, one was called Exosuit and it can bring humans down 1,000 ft and stay in the bottom for 40 hours. The Sitris was one of the vehicle used underwater to take pictures of the shipwreck. I think that all of this is really cool and it will help people to understand our ocean because it takes up most of the world. The new technology and new scuba suits will  help with that, it will help the divers to stay under the water longer and help to discover new species and help to dive deeper without getting hurt.

What are the historical roots of ocean exploration?

    Charting maps has been around for many years. The Greeks and the Romans used navigation through looking at stars and navigating through the north star. Then after a while they started drawing maps using the north star and the stars around it. Then in the 1700's they started  to map the ocean by using the land and a compass invented by the Chinese. John Harrison invented the chronometer which helped to tell time. It was the first clock that was able to be brought aboard a ship and help people to arrive at the right time. And they could navigate the longitude and latitude. Years later the GPS was invented to navigate the ocean and it tides and wave height and strength. 

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=ATPagpS2bFQiUM&tbnid=CugAwNZp1AMJQM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geoinformatics.com%2Fblog%2Fonline-articles%2Ffrom-sextant-to-satellite&ei=DyEkVMGiCPf7sASX-IKYDQ&v6u=https%3A%2F%2Fs-v6exp1-ds.metric.gstatic.com%2Fgen_204%3Fip%3D72.74.89.82%26ts%3D1411653576099387%26auth%3Djqf3hql5cubwigskqadlttoab6cdq76v%26rndm%3D0.6704939873889089&v6s=2&v6t=2166&bvm=bv.76247554,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFXtrBiV3veK_B-hF0cPIet9ICrCg&ust=1411739976084569

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=bwrcqcMB3KGtAM&tbnid=ClleuH-VeapT3M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.miami.edu%2Fspecialcollections%2Fcollections%2Ftreasures%2Fpages%2Fmaps%2Fnouvellecarte.html&ei=9SAkVLzXOemBsQTVnYHgDw&bvm=bv.76247554,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFJvYNUEwCGy4DMOIrCygTZ3GG-Zg&ust=1411740008666274

Light Waves

Wavelength and Frequency

What is the electromagnetic spectrum? 

     Emits radiation and creates energy. Depending on the amount of energy the colors will be different. 

Electrons in materials are vibrated and emit energy in the form of photons, which move around the universe. 

What is visible light?

Its what we see and how we see it. like looking through a window we can't see just a blank screen we can see through. because the light from the sun reflects to our eyes letting us see. 

 Why does white light break into the colors of the rainbow? 

Because the light frequency changes and in some parts of the sky. The colors will change. 

The colors are different because the wavelengths are different for different colors.  

Light is a reflection of the sun beating down on other objects. It is part of an electromagnetic spectrum that creates the colors Red, Orange, Yellow, green, blue , indigo and violet. The colors of the rainbow. 

light hits at different angles which means that the colors will be different. And each will be more dense than the other. 

How we know about light: 

Reflection

Refraction

Dispersion

Diffraction

Interference

Polarization

Light Reflection and Reflection

Reflection happens because the light shines to one side of the mirror and reflects to the other side reflecting the light. refraction happens when you look at a mirror the light reflects from your eyes and hits the mirror than hits the other mirror reflecting the object. 

Speed of sound and light

Brianna Heaphy

May 30, 2014

Class: F

Speed of Sound and Light                                                            

          Football Field

Measurements

.90

.84

.53

.50

Calculations

Advantage of everyone 

0.6925

Personal Advantage

.858

Convert to distance the sound traveled into miles and average time in hours.

Time: .858= .00023 (.693) =.000019

Distance: 100 yards=300feet=0.018

Measure speed

.018/.00023hrs=78.26 mi/hour

Compare measured value

Speed of sound: 767 mi/hour

The speed of sound is faster than light. All the numbers where different, which meant that the distance changed when divided by your own hours and the average mph. Miles over time will equal mph 947mi/hour. We went out side and calculated how long it would take to hear the sound of two boards being hit together.

Speed of Sound and light

       Water in Tube

A

Letter and tuning fork

A 426

E 320

C 256

B

Length of air column in tube in cm

18.3 cm

8 cm

34 cm

C

Length of air in m

183

.8

.34

D

Wavelength (in M)

0.732

3.2

1.36

E

F (Hz)

426

320

256

F

Wavelength-Frequency=speed

311.832

1024

484.16 

We put water in a tube then we hit a tuning fork with mallet and then put on top of a poll to see where the highest noise would start with the poll going deeper in the water or out of the water closer to the top. 

Speed of light and sound

       Dominoes

When the dominoes where hit over, the line with the dominoes farther away from each other went down slower than the ones with the dominoes where closer together. 

Air travels faster than Gas, liquid, or a solid because there is less blockage  

Reflect on Rube Goldberg Project

  My Rube Goldberg drawing was sketched out very well and labeled for everyone to see I hope. It is neat, color codded and easy to follow. The description  is accurately planned out and it looked like it did realistically. For the simple machine work all machines are labeled and color codded to find the machines more easily. Red is Wheel and Axle, Inclined Plane is Orange, Lever is Brown, Pulley is Light Blue and the Wedge is Green. Each machine I explained carefully what each step did. I did not use the simple machine Screw. The mechanical advantages where (5mm) inclined plane, (3.33 mm) inclined plane, (1mm) pulley, (.58) wheel and axle, (1mm) wedge. I used a fulcrum and had input and resistance force.

  My machines had Potential energy , kinetic energy and chemical energy. Potential energy was used at the top of the inclined plane. Kinetic was used when the ball was going down the ramps and when the weight dropped from the pulley. and chemical energy was used when the candle burned the rope to make the weight fall to hit the orange. There was no assistance from my hand after the machine started.

  The simple machine has ten steps to preform the task plus one another step. All the simple machines use din my project are all labeled correctly the way they work and what they do. The whole Rube Goldberg worked and completed the task it was supposed to complete which was to squish an orange. The weight did sometimes bounce off the orange and fly out of the funnel and the orange would also sometimes fly out. Then it finally worked  and it squished some of the orange juice out into the cup.

Journal Entry: Energy Transfer and Simple Machine Learning

Inclined Plane
A plane is a flat surface. For example, a smooth board is a plane. Now, if the plane is lying flat on the ground, it isn't likely to help you do work. However, when that plane is inclined, or slanted, it can help you move objects across distances. And, that's work! A common inclined plane is a ramp. Lifting a heavy box onto a loading dock is much easier if you slide the box up a ramp--a simple machine

The ramps used at school help with wheel chairs it helps children with disabilities because they can not go up stairs. 


Wedge
Instead of using the smooth side of the inclined plane, you can also use the pointed edges to do other kinds of work. For example, you can use the edge to push things apart. Then, the inclined plane is a wedge. So, a wedge is actually a kind of inclined plane. An axeblade is a wedge. Think of the edge of the blade. It's the edge of a smooth slanted surface. That's a wedge!

Helps to separate objects so that you have two of something such as a nail of a Triangle because they have a point. 

Screw
Now, take an inclined plane and wrap it around a cylinder. Its sharp edge becomes another simple tool: the screw. Put a metal screw beside a ramp and it's kind of hard to see the similarities, but the screw is actually just another kind of inclined plane. Try this demonstration to help you visualize. How does the screw help you do work? Every turn of a metal screw helps you move a piece of metal through a wooden space. And, that's how we build things!

Screws hold thing together like a screw holing wood together on a chair or a wooden shelf. 

Lever
Try pulling a really stubborn weed out of the ground. You know, a deep, persistent weed that seems to have taken over your flowerbed. Using just your bare hands, it might be difficult or even painful. With a tool, like a hand shovel, however, you should win the battle. Any tool that pries something loose is a lever. A lever is an arm that "pivots" (or turns) against a "fulcrum" (or point). Think of the claw end of a hammer that you use to pry nails loose. It's a lever. It's a curved arm that rests against a point on a surface. As you rotate the curved arm, it pries the nail loose from the surface. And that's hard work!

A lever helps to push something such as if something gets stuck in the ground or under something you can use a shovel or an object with a triangle shape end to angel the object out.  


Wheel and Axle
The rotation of the lever against a point pries objects loose. That rotation motion can also do other kinds of work. Another kind of lever, the wheel and axle, moves objects across distances. The wheel, the round end, turns the axle, the cylindrical post, causing movement. On a wagon, for example, the bucket rests on top of the axle. As the wheel rotates the axle, the wagon moves. Now, place your pet dog in the bucket, and you can easily move him around the yard. On a truck, for example, the cargo hold rests on top of several axles. As the wheels rotate the axles, the truck moves.

Wheel and Axle can help move objects more easier than with your hand. Like a wagon has wheels and an axle which is how you pull it. 

Pulley
Instead of an axle, the wheel could also rotate a rope or cord. This variation of the wheel and axle is the pulley. In a pulley, a cord wraps around a wheel. As the wheel rotates, the cord moves in either direction. Now, attach a hook to the cord, and you can use the wheel's rotation to raise and lower objects. On a flagpole, for example, a rope is attached to a pulley. On the rope, there are usually two hooks. The cord rotates around the pulley and lowers the hooks where you can attach the flag. Then, rotate the cord and the flag raises high on the pole.

Pulley helps to move heavy objects from one place to another. Such as stone or bricks up on to the top of a house. 

MECHANICAL ADVANGTAGE 

1. Ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) EFFORT LENGTH/RESISTANCE LENGTH  
2. Actual mechanical advantage (AMA) RESISTANT FORCE/EFFORT FORCE 

ENERGY

Are mostly found from coal and fossil fuels and Uranium 

Renewable energy comes from solar panels that collect energy from the sun to give electricity to your house   

Rube Goldberg and Simple Machines

“I do not count the years. Tomorrow is just another day to create something I hope will be worthwhile.”

He created several cartoon strips and his works include:

• The Weekly Meeting of the Tuesday Women's Club
• Lunatics I Have Met
• The Candy Kid
• Mike and Ike
• Boob McNutt
• Lala Palooza
• Foolish Questions
• Sideshow
• Father Was Right
• I'm the Guy
• They all Looked Good When They Are Far Away

Rube Goldburg was born July 4,1883 in San Francisco. He graduated from Lowell High School in 1904 in San Francisco. He was very famous for his cartoon character Professor Lucifer Gorgonzla Butts. His first illustration depicting the simple machine was an automatic weight reducer made in 1914. It was made with a donut, a bomb, wax, balloon, and a hot stove to trap the obese person in a sound and food proof prison. Rube was fascinated by all the new advancements in technology. Rube went and did show for years his last show was in Washington DC at the Museam of American History in 1970.He died December 7th 1970.

http://rubegoldberg.com/gallery# (What to Bring From Europe)

http://rubegoldberg.com/about

Newtons Laws

1. What are the relationships between forces and motion? 
 Forces are when something makes an object move. A force is when an object is being changed from slow to fast or stop and go. Change in distance, motion and acceleration. Changes in velocity are from the change in the mass. 
Motion is when the object moves from one place to another after reacting from a force. 

        

2. What are the variables that affect motion and force? 
Speed and acceleration and the force (gravity is affected by air which is friction). force slows motion when an object is moving across such as a car moving across the road the car is in contact with the ground and the ground has friction towards the car. The road is pushing up well the car pushes down. F=MA 
   
3. How does Newton’s three laws describe the motion of a moving 
object? 
Because each of the laws describe a new kind of motion and force and how they react to one another. The first law describes how an object at rest will stay at rest with no motion and an object in motion will stay in motion. The second describes how much a force is applied to an object in motion. The third describes how when a action force is created than an a reaction force is reacted. 




4. How does gravity impact objects?
Gravity pulls the object down. Say a marble is on the table and it falls it will  fall to the ground not float up. Because gravity pulls down. if there was not gravity like the space than we would be floating everywhere. 
   

What I have learned and what I have not learned about Newtons Law

I have learned how to use the equation F=ma
and how to find acceleration and mass. I also can the Velocity some of the time.
I can do both  the first and second laws. The third is harder to understand. I have also learned about how to use force and motion and how they are used toghther to find the gravtational pull.

Proving Newtons Second Law

Car Weight: 101.1

Question: 

What is the relationship between Force, Mass, and Acceleration? 

Materials Used:

Plastic Car
Weights
2 spring scales 
Wooden Track 
Scale 

Hypothesis:

Will  the force , mass, and acceleration be close in results. 
The higher the angle the heavier the weights.  

Procedure:

1. Got Supplies
2. I then put the car on a wooden ramp (flat)
3. pulled the car across the flat ramp 
4. Then I repeated this 5 times with different angles of the ramp and different weights
First was 100 g 
Then 200 g
Then 50 g
Then 500 g 
Then 1000 g
Lastly 200 g again
5. i then graphed the data of the degrees of the ramp, the weight of the car and acceleration, and force of the pull from the spring scale. 
6. Then after the experiment i created two graphs showing 
acceleration vs. angel and Acceleration vs. Mass 

Making Puddy

The Museum Of Science

Our two physical science classes went on a field trip to the Museum of science February 6 of 2014.


1. Audio kinetic Sculpture: 
Every time I go to the museum I see the sculpture and find it so fascinating and cool. There was so much thought put into it  to make the balls go through the whole sculpture. 

2. Fantastic Forces: 
Was the first thing we did. It was so awesome they things that the women's did. There was a huge Newton's cradle it was so cool. Then the table cloth trick was cool when she removed the cloth from under the water and plates. And the pencil shooter was so cool when the pencil went through the wood.   

3. Engineering Design: Bobsled
This was really fun to build. I learned that the lighter the weight is the faster the sled would go and if each side had equal about of weight then it won't flip. 

4. Lightning Show: 
As always is cool. I just wish that there was more lightning strikes to make it even better. And more interesting. 

All together I learned a lot more about motion and the ways things work. And how important equaling out parts or something is because it helps the object to stay balanced. 

Class science experiments

Ice Lab

Chemistry Of Life

How does the protein that you eat wind up building your muscles?

 It makes up your skin, muscle , and bones. The protein spreads around your body through blood cells. Decomposition is when your body breaks apart the protein particles. Synthesis  is when the protein particles

spread apart around the body and go to where the body needs the muscle.  

  

 How does that bowl of pasta give you energy?

Because it has carbohydrates.

the polymer starch breaks apart to create energy (ATP).

 Why do we need to eat fat?

Fat protects the body from getting damaged. It makes our bodies stronger. 

its always good to have fats in your body just not a lot especially of the bad fats such as Butter, and oils. 

THE FATS 
Triglycerides are one of the fats stores energy and insulates, cushions and protects. 
Phospholipids are modified Triglycerides.
Cholesterol is animal membranes and synthesizes hormones.